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Cover Story

All buildings from the “Hawai‘i Modernism Context Study,” Historic Hawai‘i Foundation.
Image: Courtesy Don Hibbard

Architecture matters now!

Modernist Honolulu confronts its future (and its past)

Cover

Cover image for Nov 14, 2012

“I want to see a conversation about how architecture affects everybody on a daily basis,” says architect Pip White, president of the Honolulu chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). “I want people to begin to understand how urban planning and design impacts their lives. Until we get to that conversation, it’s kind of hopeless.”


Asked how he would rate Oahu’s built environment, “Well, it’s mixed,” White says. “We’ve got some great downtown spaces and Chinatown is full of interest. If we’re talking about the urban environment, I think we’re doing quite well, but in terms of sprawl, we’ve got some serious problems that we’ve got to get a grip on. If we don’t, we’re just going to be paved. We’ll be paved with houses.”

The 800-member AIA-Honolulu chapter has been notably visible and vocal in its opposition to the city’s elevated heavy rail plan. Does that mean it’s in any way a political organization? “By nature, no,” White answers, “but we are an organization that tries to put the community first. We want the community to do things well.”

On Friday, Nov. 2, AIA Honolulu held a grand opening for its new Center for Architecture, situated in an 1,800-sq.-ft. storefront space at the corner of Queen Street and Fort Street Mall. Designed by hotshot architect Geoff Lewis, the sleek, multipurpose Center will serve as chapter office, as a convenient drop-in spot for impromptu meetings of building-industry professionals, as a public exhibit space for architecture-related shows and, perhaps most importantly, as the setting for various public conversations on timely civic topics.

White confesses he was skeptical of the Center at first but says he’s a “passionate” supporter now.

“I’ve been doing a lot of thinking,” he says, “and, you know, the things we do as architects impact the community for a long, long time–but sometimes we’re out of touch with the community. I’m hoping we can broaden the reach of architects into the community, and listen more.”

Convergence

There is a remarkable convergence going on: In October, the Waikiki Improvement Association hosted a planning conference called “Waikiki 2020” while controversy swirled around plans for Kyo-ya’s beach tower and an L.A. developer’s proposed, view-blocking, 34-story condo that conflict with well-established Waikiki Special Design District rules.Also in October, the Howard Hughes Corporation announced Phase I of its grandiose redevelopment plans for the 60 Kakaako acres it now owns surrounding and including the Ward Warehouse and Ward Center retail complexes. The same month, Kamehameha Schools (KS) floated cutting-edge conceptual plans for mixed-density, mixed-use development of its 29 acres along the mauka side of Ala Moana Boulevard between South Street almost to Ward Avenue, also in Kakaako. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs has said its master planning effort for the 30 makai acres it owns, mostly bordering the ‘Ewa side of Kewalo Basin, will take another two years.

Of course, there’s Governor Neil Abercrombie, who’s been cheerleading his own Kakaako project for over a year now. His proposed tallest tower in the Pacific, at 650 feet, is 200 feet taller than downtown’s 430-foot First Hawaiian Bank tower, and would be built under the auspices of the Hawaii Community Development Authority on state-owned land edging historic Mother Waldron Park. Somewhat inexplicably, Abercrombie has called the district, whose resident population is expected to triple to 30,000 in the next 20 years, Oahu’s new “third city.”

Meanwhile, the city’s Department of Planning and Permitting, trying to convince skeptical residents about the advantages of elevated rail, has been cranking out dreamy, colorful conceptual drawings of “transit oriented development” (TOD) to show how TOD will forever transform neighborhoods like Kalihi, Downtown and Ala Moana into tree-shaded, café-lined, vibrant, family-friendly, walkable and bikeable neighborhoods.

Perhaps in anticipation of all this convergence, late last year the Historic Hawaii Foundation hosted a well-attended conference looking at the state of Modernist (i.e., post-World War II) architecture in Hawaii, which comprises the lion’s share of Hawaii’s built environment. In pop culture terms, the style is often called “mid-century Modern.” Simultaneously with the symposium, HHF released a 200-page illustrated list of several hundred of the state’s significant, largely post-war, “Modern” buildings of all types, set within a well-written gloss on the international history of Modernist architecture. The “Hawaii Modernism Context Study” is a landmark in Hawaii’s architectural canon, an affectionate yet rigorous first look at the dominant building typologies of modern Hawaii, buildings that have heretofore comprised most of the urban fabric of Honolulu.

To peruse the Context Study is to gain a new appreciation for those Kapahulu and King Street storefronts with rounded corners, or the breezy concrete “lanai stacks” of Makiki, or the two-story walk-up apartment buildings with lava-rock and decorative cement-block detailing, or all those expressive temples and churches that enliven Oahu with their swooping and soaring roofs. To peruse it is to reflect on what’s happening now in Honolulu, with its hermetic glass towers, with all the aggressively cheap-looking Walgreens drugstores popping up around town; with all those blank-faced Public Storage buildings that now dominate and degrade some of Honolulu’s most important intersections.

Homecoming

One local boy who’s stoked about the impending transformation of Kakaako and the codification of Honolulu’s Modernist legacy is architect and scholar Dean Sakamoto, a graduate of Moanalua High School.

“Kakaako is the place,” he says. “It’s coming into its time.” He cites the new UH Medical School, the landmark IBM Building, KS designs for a liveable Kakaako. He marvels at the raw warehouse spaces opening up that will incubate new businesses, new arts.

“But I’m not sure how it’s all coming together,” he says, worryied about Hughes’ plans for 22 towers on its properties, OHA’s unknown plans for Kewalo Basin and Abercrombie’s tower. “We need a venue somewhere in Kakaako to make it all more transparent, to let people know what’s happening. We need a place where ideas about Kakaako’s future can be expressed and hashed out.” Specifically, he’s talking about setting up his own space in Kakaako, his own incubator and architectural clearing house.

Suddenly Honolulu might have two spaces devoted to public conversations about its built environment. Sakamoto’s story so far makes it all sound plausible: After graduating from the University of Oregon he studied European urbanism in Rome, Italy, going on to the prestigious Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan for a graduate degree in architecture, then to the Yale School of Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut, for a second master’s in environmental design. He spent the next 13 years in New Haven, setting up his own practice, teaching and running the Yale architecture school’s exhibition program and starting a family. A few years ago, he made a big splash in Honolulu when he guest curated the blockbuster exhibition, “Hawaiian Modern: The Architecture of Vladimir Ossipoff” at the former Honolulu Academy of Arts. In 2011, he brought his family back to Honolulu when the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at UH Manoa invited him to run a new venture called the Urban Resilience Laboratory. Among planners and architects, the concept of “resilience” is rapidly replacing the exhausted and almost meaningless term, “sustainability,” Sakamoto explains.

“Resilience has to do with society’s ability to adapt to sudden or long-term catastrophic changes caused by human and natural acts,” he says by phone from Biloxi, Mississippi, a town nearly destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, where he was consulting with local design professionals about ways to integrate resilient design strategies in hurricane-prone areas.

Docomomo

While at Yale, Sakamoto says, he was steeped in Modernism. The campus boasts a veritable museum of American Modernist landmarks, and their repair and preservation became a preoccupation. When the Connecticut General Life Insurance headquarters–a prime example of corporate Modernist architecture, circa 1957, by Skidmore Owings and Merrill (architects of the Mauna Kea Beach Hotel)–was threatened with demolition, an exhibit Sakamoto mounted at the Yale architecture school gave the preservationists the academic imprimatur they needed to convince the owners to save the building.

Likewise, Sakamoto’s Ossipoff exhibit in Honolulu five years ago surely had a hand in guaranteeing the survival of Ossipoff’s iconic IBM Building (1962) on Ala Moana Boulevard. Hughes Corporation’s plans now include a complete restoration of the compact and cubic office tower to serve as a centerpiece for their massive redevelopment plans.

Last year’s HHF symposium on Hawaii Modernism energized the close-knit members of Honolulu’s architectural preservation community. In addition to Sakamoto, they included Don Hibbard, Hawaii’s foremost architectural historian; architect Louis Fung, lead author of the HHF Context Study; architect Tonia Moy, formerly with the State Historic Preservation Division; Anna Maria Grune, architect with Glenn Mason Architects and an HHF trustee; Michael Grushard of the State Historic Preservation Division; and Alison Chiu, fresh out of Columbia University’s graduate program in architectural preservation, who had done a study of Oahu’s collection of post-war shopping centers. Her mentor at Columbia was Professor Theo Prudon, who authored the burgeoning field’s primary text, The Preservation of Modern Architecture.

Prudon was well-known in academic circles as founder of an organization called “Docomomo US,” a national volunteer network dedicated to the DOcumentation and COnservation of the MOdern MOvement’s cultural production.

Prudon, keenly aware of Honolulu’s mid-century Modernist legacy, and Sakamoto agreed that there should be a Hawaii chapter of docomomo, so Sakamoto tapped into Honolulu’s gang of preservationists and launched the chapter.

A better city

“It was the obvious thing to do,” Sakamoto says. “We’ve got a great team together, now armed with an inventory of our best buildings.

“So now what do we do?” he asks rhetorically.

“Well, there’s Waikiki and its 20-year planning initiative,” he says, answering himself. What do we want Waikiki to be? A bunch of chevron appliqués and fake stucco? Is that what we want?

“If we’re going to pull a building down to put the rail line through or build a new tower, at least now we can weigh its historical and cultural importance, so everyone understands what we have and what we may lose. We can give ourselves the time to knowledgeably answer questions–to ask, What’s the identity, the proper representation of the city?”

He talks about the disaster that is the bowdlerized Honolulu International Airport and how no one ever knows what’s going on there until it’s too late. “We need a public venue that lets everyone know what’s going on.

That’s what Docomomo Hawaii can do.”

I ask Sakamoto if he’s happy to be home.

“Oh yeah,” he says. “I’m having a great time. You know, after a decade away, a lot has changed. Honolulu has become a busier place. More people. I think . . . there’s a lot of potential for [the city] to become a better place. It’s a great environment. The architecture is always the question. Could we do it better? Can we improve it? How do we help define it? How do we find find the next architecture?

“I don’t think it takes heroic effort,” Sakamoto says modestly. “I think everyone contributes to it, and every project is a new opportunity to make a new discovery.”

The convergence is real. The clock strikes.

It’s Honolulu’s time to look back and move forward, to lovingly defend itself, embrace itself, and build itself as a blessedly unique city of the world. Whether it’s the architects at the AIA or the scholars at Docomomo, their passions and their conversations will help to forge a new Honolulu.

The “Hawaii Modernism Context Study” can be downloaded at [historichawaii.org].The AIA Center, at 828 Fort St. Mall, will host discussions on the Natatorium Thu., Nov. 15 at 6 p.m., and “Honolulu’s Best Buildings” on Wed., Dec. 5.


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This week

2013 Summer Books

On a breezy May evening, in the courtyard of the state library, local publishers, writers and book designers gathered to celebrate the 2013 Ka Palapala Pookela Awards, sponsored by the Hawaii Book Publishers Association. The place was packed, and I was struck by such a healthy showing for an industry whose demise has been predicted since before the advent of Amazon.

Unlikely Pairings

I was intrigued recently to channel surf upon a deft interview of Susanna Moore on PBS Hawaii. Moore is the nationally acclaimed author of nine books, perhaps best known for her luminous My Old Sweetheart and other Hawaii novels, as well as the rough-sex 2004 noir In the Cut.

A Long Lost Era

Kabuki Boy, a novel, reads almost like an autobiography filled with vivid details that transport us to 19th-century Japan during the “Tokugawa Era.” Fast-paced and humorous, it aptly dramatizes an ancient dramatic art. The hierarchy between the social classes of samurai, geisha, peasants and monks comes alive from the page, seen through the eyes of Myo, a young boy aspiring to become a kabuki actor.

Panek Point

Calling this big fat novel Hawaii was bound to raise eyebrows. Hey, come run to the schoolyard to watch Mark Panek throw down!

Inward Journey

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Gardens

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In a poetry class I teach at Windward Community College, a student recently did a presentation on coming-out poems and presented her own. One of her peers asked a thoughtful question: “If you are a gay, are you automatically part of the gay community?” It’s a question I’ve had about being Asian American–and a poet.

Cruelty

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The Romance of Sunset

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Love Lore

In Huna Magic: The Hawaiian Odyssey, Dawn Star puts on a modern spin on Hawaiian mythology and folklore. Set in ancient Hawaii, the book starts off with the classic forbidden love story between a young woman, Kuulei ke Anuenue and a handsome man, Kai, who happens to be the chiefess’s love slave.

Reassembling

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Green Noir

Set in Hawaii, Saving Paradise, Mike Bond’s sixth detective novel, tells a passable if unevenly written story featuring one Pono Hawkins, a Special Forces vet (Afghanistan), celebrated international surfer and correspondent for ocean magazines. He also insinuates himself into the woes of others, in this case a beautiful young thing whose lifeless body bumps into Hawkins as he goes surfing at dawn.

Decolonizing Our Future

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Navigating Selves

Leilani Holmes’s richly chronicled journey toward a reconnection with her Kanaka Maoli culture opens with the epigraph: “For those who came before us. In hopes that we act on behalf of your bones.” Ancestry of Experience is a thoroughly researched and deeply genealogical journey.

Think Pink

There’s something foreboding about the cover of Pink Globalization. It’s a dark, monochromatic picture of an enormous grey Hello Kitty gazing ominously into the night in front of a corporate-looking building. The picture is certainly intriguing and symbolic–Hello Kitty is taking over the world.

Hardships, Loneliness, Triumphs

A deeply researched and careful weaving of previously unheard voices can be found in Mai Lepera, adding another layer about leprosy patients exiled to settlements at Makanalua peninsula in the 19th century. Keri A.

Transcending Prejudice

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Mano

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Racism of Record

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Charting Our Ancestral Past

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From the Outside

The feeling of being an outsider in one’s beloved homeland is the theme underpinning Pamela Frierson’s fluid and honest nature writing. In her books, The Last Atoll: Exploring Hawaii’s Endangered Ecosystems and The Burning Island: Myth and History in Volcano Country, Hawaii, Frierson explores Hawaii’s unique ecosystems, while also searching for personal relevance where she grew up very aware of being merely a “second-generation colonist.” The shadows of a world unknown drive the writer, teacher and homesteader to attach to the landscape, pursuing a deeper understanding of Hawaii’s natural order, and, through those experiences, a sense of belonging.

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Missed Connections

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The Naked Truth

Sharon Hicks’ How Do You Grab a Naked Lady recounts the relationship between Hicks, her mentally ill mother and idealist father. We meet Hicks at age 16 as she witnesses her mother parading around a mall in the buff, yelling and cursing–one of many manic episodes we’ll see during the book.

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Every Reader for Himself

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Island Girl

Last weekend, Susanna Moore was in town to read from her new novel, The Life of Objects. A striking beauty–high cheekbones, fine features, long white hair with an inky streak that matches her brilliant black eyes–she wore a sleeveless blouse, full cotton skirt and rubber slippers.

A Traveling Light

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CIVIX

KAKAAKO MEETINGS The HCDA will host a series of meetings to discuss the Kakaako redevelopment plan and how rail will fit in with those plans. The meetings are open to the public.

Make Our Day

On May 13, Common Cause Hawaii assembled a panel, titled “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly,” to deconstruct lessons from the recently ended 2013 Legislative Session. Commentators included Rep.

Homeless Plan

Mayor Caldwell is winding down his public town-hall meetings campaign. The meetings are designed to update the public on the progress of the Mayor’s major first-year initiatives: repaving the roads, getting TheBus routes restored, making the city’s parks beautiful, fixing Honolulu’s sewer infrastructure, building rail better and, most recently, solving homelessness.

Pacific Pivot

During a 2011 speech to the Australian Parliament, President Obama declared: “The United States will play a larger and long term role in shaping [the Pacific] region and its future.” On May 10, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Pacific Forum hosted a panel discussion that sought to determine what a U.S. “pivot” toward the region would look like and what the reaction to increased U.S.

The homeless experience

I picked up your May 15 issue with great anticipation because on the cover was a photo of a person experiencing homelessness who I have had numerous interactions with (“Derelict Downtown,” May 15). He is someone I have always found to be articulate and friendly–an ideal person to talk to if one wishes to learn about experiencing homelessness.

Hawaiian rights

The puppetmasters controlling the creation of the Hawaiian Nation have manipulated Hawaiians who have signed up for any Hawaiian registry to become captive members of Kanaiolowalu, the Native Hawaiian Roll Commission. Those bills were heard this session and were passed by the Senate in the Tourism and Hawaiian Affairs Committee chaired by Brickwood Galuteria and the Judiciary and Labor Committe chaired by Clayton Hee, although the forced enrollment is unconstitutional.

Money over land

The Land Use Commission, the Honolulu Planning Commission, the Zoning Variance Commissions and all the other BS commissions are hijacked by big business (“Hoopili Miss,” May 15). Judge Rhonda Nishimura’s head is buried in the sand if she doesn’t recognize the votes were bought.

Cinema for all

I try to not miss a Redford film, and, of course, I can relate to events of the ’60s (“Last Round-Up,” May 8). It is disappointing that The Company You Keep is being shown only at Kahala Theatre.

Tea time

Aloha, I am Elyse. Please let me know if you have any questions, I would love to answer them (“Just Our Cup of Tea,” May 15).

Corrections

In last week’s “Derelict Downtown” (May 15), we mistakenly listed Kirk Caldwell’s campaign phone number. To contact the Mayor, please call 768-4141.