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Environment

Environment
From seeds to snakes, alien stowaways are relentless.

Hitch Hiking

The governor restores 10 agricultural inspectors, but some invasive threats on the horizon call for more than just eyes

Environment / Invasive species pose the single biggest threat to Hawaii’s general health, economy and natural environment, according to the National Wildlife Research Center. And the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) is our front line of defense against them.

The department took a big hit in 2009 under the administration of former Gov. Linda Lingle, who, in an attempt to balance the budget and chip away at debt, cut about half of the state’s agricultural inspectors. Prior to Lingle’s cuts, there were 95 plant quarantine inspectors statewide; post-slashfest, there remained only 50. Recently though, Gov. Neil Abercrombie approved the hiring of 10 agricultural inspectors, restoring some of the postions eliminated in 2009.

“Reinstating our agricultural inspectors was a key element of the New Day Plan and its promise to protect the environment, grow more of our own food and restore a strong economy to Hawaii,” said the governor in a July 13, 2011, press release.

Considering the potential economical damages–not to mention the ecological ones–there should be more than enough of a reason to put HDOA’s funding into perspective and make it a priority.

Plant Quarantine Branch data shows the number of invasive species interceptions statewide dropped by about 50 percent in one year after the personnel cuts. In the same year, interceptions on Oahu specifically dropped by 762 percent (663 interceptions in 2009 versus 87 in 2010).

Recent pests making a home for themselves here include sweet potato weevils, naio thrips and the coffee berry borer. All of these invaders have the potential to negatively affect our agriculture, but there is another invasive threat that has the ability to affect much, much more.

Snakes on a Plane

The brown tree snake has already decimated native birds and ecosystems on Guam–which, like Hawaii, has no endemic snakes. The voracious slitherers arrived by mistake sometime after World War II, most likely on a US military cargo ship en route from New Guinea. Having no natural predators and an abundance of prey, the snakes flourished on Guam and have permanently altered its environment and ecology. Since they became established, brown tree snakes have wiped out 10 of Guam’s 13 native bird species and caused countless power outages. Guam Memorial Hospital also now treats about 170 snakebites a year.

According to a study published January 2010 in Pacific Science Journal, the probability of snakes coming to Hawaii, becoming established and causing real economic damage has been estimated to be…wait for it…100 percent. Even in spite of our current intensive cargo screening procedures, eight brown tree snakes have been found on Oahu since 1981. All of them are assumed to have been transported on commercial or military aircraft from Guam. Kind of makes you wonder what we’re missing, doesn’t it?

The risks continue to grow. In May 2006, the US and Japan signed an agreement to reduce the US military presence in Okinawa. This effort, known as the Defense Policy Review Initiative, will relocate some 8,600 Marines and 9,000 of their dependants to the island of Guam by 2014. Guam’s infrastructure, however, is not ready. Improvements required to accommodate the military will cause a massive movement of materials between Hawaii and Guam–more than ever before–expanding the risks to Hawaii’s ecosystem tenfold. The estimated annual damages of the brown tree snake establishing itself in Hawaii range from $593 million to $2.14 billion. We may need more than 10 additional pairs of eyes.

Island Hopping

Big Island residents are already bothered by the vocipherously-marauding coqui frog, whose population is reported to be denser there than in its native Puerto Rico. The little quarter-sized frogs are believed to have arrived in Hawaii in potted plant material from either the mainland or Puerto Rico around 1988. The male coqui frog emits a mating call (females are generally silent) that has been measured at 80-90 decibels, or about as loud as a lawnmower.

In just over 20 years after what was presumably an isolated infestation of a single site on Hawaii, the coqui has spread throughout Big Island and has also been found on Maui, Kauai and Oahu. And in February 2011, Hawaii News Now reported three coqui frogs found in three separate areas on Oahu.

Coqui frogs have no natural predators on O’ahu, which gives them the ability to multiply quickly and eat huge quantities of insects, resulting in a loss of insect pollination services. This also disrupts our natural ecosystem, putting birds in direct competition with coquis for food. Another future risk assessment paints coquis as food for the yet-to-arrive brown tree snake.

Send in the Dogs

“The more eyes you have looking, the more invasive species you’re going to find and prevent from entering our environment,” said Carol Okada, manager of the HDOA’s Plant Quarantine Branch, in the governor’s press release. That is obvious logic. Perhaps, though, even more effective than more eyes would be a few well-trained sniffers.

Along with half of the HDOA’s human inspectors, the state’s canine inspector team was laid off in 2009. At one point, the HDOA’s Detector Dog Program had 10 dogs–nine beagles and one German shorthair pointer. HDOA’s Plant Quarantine Branch (according to the office of the governor) would also like to re-establish the Detector Dog Program, which has shown to be one of–if not the most–effective ways to intercept brown tree snakes. But according to the HDOA themselves, even though the 10 newly rehired inspectors are not enough, there are no plans in action to bring back the Detector Dog Program.

“We need 15 more (inspectors) back,” says Plant Quarantine Inspector Keevin Minami. “Until we get that back, we couldn’t even start to do it; although we want to.”

The Detector Dog Program was in effect as early as 1989, but once the funding was cut in 2009, all the dogs were placed in foster homes. Even the training of these dogs is lengthy and expensive, which itself implies that they are state assets more or less wastefully discarded. With the risk of a snake invasion on Oahu as high as it is, why was the program cut in the first place?

The brown tree snake is not the only invasive threat to Hawaii, and, in reality, the beagles are not likely bummed about being on the unemployed list. But thanks to the Pest Inspection, Quarantine and Eradication Special Fund–an HDOA fund covering all the current reinstatements–everything is being paid for by the inspectees. The fund collects inspection fees, service fees, charges, penalties, federal funds, grants and gifts and can be used for just about anything the department sees fit.

Hawaii Department of Agriculture–now I’m talking to you–please bring back the dogs before these Islands go to the snakes.

The HDOA plays a key role in Hawaii’s future. They have the ability to keep our delicate island ecosystem safe; but do they have the manpower? With so much recent emphasis on local agriculture, their part to play has never been more important.

We can help, too. Report suspicious species to HDOA’s hotline: 808-643-PEST.



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This week

2013 Summer Books

On a breezy May evening, in the courtyard of the state library, local publishers, writers and book designers gathered to celebrate the 2013 Ka Palapala Pookela Awards, sponsored by the Hawaii Book Publishers Association. The place was packed, and I was struck by such a healthy showing for an industry whose demise has been predicted since before the advent of Amazon.

Unlikely Pairings

I was intrigued recently to channel surf upon a deft interview of Susanna Moore on PBS Hawaii. Moore is the nationally acclaimed author of nine books, perhaps best known for her luminous My Old Sweetheart and other Hawaii novels, as well as the rough-sex 2004 noir In the Cut.

A Long Lost Era

Kabuki Boy, a novel, reads almost like an autobiography filled with vivid details that transport us to 19th-century Japan during the “Tokugawa Era.” Fast-paced and humorous, it aptly dramatizes an ancient dramatic art. The hierarchy between the social classes of samurai, geisha, peasants and monks comes alive from the page, seen through the eyes of Myo, a young boy aspiring to become a kabuki actor.

Panek Point

Calling this big fat novel Hawaii was bound to raise eyebrows. Hey, come run to the schoolyard to watch Mark Panek throw down!

Inward Journey

Beautifully designed, with outstanding photography of India and Tibet by Linda Connor, the newest edition of Manoa is especially ambitious in its choice of subject/theme. It attempts to present diverse interpretations of the meanings and implications of the term “freedom,” doing so in the forms of fiction, essays, poetry, memoir and drama.

Gardens

This new book of poetry is easy to read, yet I had all kinds of strange dreams after reading it. The poems are short but poignant–a lot of thought and crafting went into every well-placed word.

Brotherly Tears

When the young narrator, Landon DeSilva, of Tyler Miranda’s novel Ewa Which Way, watches an episode of “Leave It To Beaver,” he sees a family whose idea of discipline is a father and son discussion without “head cracks” or “cuss words.” In the episode, Eddie Haskell and Wally Cleaver talk about the Beaver’s highjinks, and Landon’s friend says, “just like your brudda . .

Community

In a poetry class I teach at Windward Community College, a student recently did a presentation on coming-out poems and presented her own. One of her peers asked a thoughtful question: “If you are a gay, are you automatically part of the gay community?” It’s a question I’ve had about being Asian American–and a poet.

Cruelty

In Wing Tek Lum’s poem “The Red Circle,” a sergeant teaches his soldiers how to use a bayonet during Japan’s infamous occupation of Nanjing, China in 1937: “With a nub of red chalk / our sergeant marks off / a crude circle in the center / of the chest.” The men are instructed to stab everywhere, except the heart. A quick death would be too kind–too merciful.

Wit

“We are selves in a world because we have words,” writes the late poet Tony Quagliano in the preface of his book, Language Matters. In this masterful collection, every line absorbs the reader into the writer’s world, revealing his intimate thoughts on politics, writing, Hawaii and life.

The Romance of Sunset

A sort of team anthology, Sunset Inn: Tales from the North Shore is a collection of fiction, poetry and a play published by the Aloha Romance Writers, who admittedly chose–over margaritas and Mexican food–the conceit of a colonial-style seaside inn, described in Patrice Wilson’s poem “This Haven” as “white as salt” and “bleached coral in the sea,” as a central setting for their book. Like the landscape and the building, the collection holds stories of love found, lost and always remembered, some of which are based in Hawaii history and some from a contemporary eye, but all adhering to the familiar elements of the romance genre and the romantic.

Love Lore

In Huna Magic: The Hawaiian Odyssey, Dawn Star puts on a modern spin on Hawaiian mythology and folklore. Set in ancient Hawaii, the book starts off with the classic forbidden love story between a young woman, Kuulei ke Anuenue and a handsome man, Kai, who happens to be the chiefess’s love slave.

Reassembling

The reader weary of cutesy novels with multiple story lines that are obviously going to be inextricably tied together, somehow, might not want to venture too far into Darien Gee’s The Avalon Ladies Scrapbooking Society. But if it’s comfort food for the brain you’re after, you’d be missing out.

Green Noir

Set in Hawaii, Saving Paradise, Mike Bond’s sixth detective novel, tells a passable if unevenly written story featuring one Pono Hawkins, a Special Forces vet (Afghanistan), celebrated international surfer and correspondent for ocean magazines. He also insinuates himself into the woes of others, in this case a beautiful young thing whose lifeless body bumps into Hawkins as he goes surfing at dawn.

Decolonizing Our Future

Confucius said, “If your plan is for one year, plant rice; if your plan is for 10 years, plant trees; if your plan is for 100 years, educate children.” The philosopher’s sagacious message seems to align with the alternative approach to education seen in Hawaii’s charter school system. Noelani Goodyear-Kaopua’s The Seeds We Planted is an ethnography articulating the establishment, growth, and success of Halau Ku Mana, one of the few Hawaiian culture-based charter schools in Honolulu.

Navigating Selves

Leilani Holmes’s richly chronicled journey toward a reconnection with her Kanaka Maoli culture opens with the epigraph: “For those who came before us. In hopes that we act on behalf of your bones.” Ancestry of Experience is a thoroughly researched and deeply genealogical journey.

Think Pink

There’s something foreboding about the cover of Pink Globalization. It’s a dark, monochromatic picture of an enormous grey Hello Kitty gazing ominously into the night in front of a corporate-looking building. The picture is certainly intriguing and symbolic–Hello Kitty is taking over the world.

Hardships, Loneliness, Triumphs

A deeply researched and careful weaving of previously unheard voices can be found in Mai Lepera, adding another layer about leprosy patients exiled to settlements at Makanalua peninsula in the 19th century. Keri A.

Transcending Prejudice

If resiliency spoke of a group of people, the Japanese population of the then-Territory of Hawaii during World War II claims the description. With one specific attack on December 7, 1941, an island-wide prejudice against all immigrant Japanese was born, painting a picture of angry nationals who plotted Hawaii’s demise.

Mano

An ambitious, immensely rewarding product of nearly five decades’ research and teaching (beginning when the author was l3 years old), Patrick Vinton Kirch’s A Shark Going Inland is my Chief bids fair to be a definitive, almost exhaustive look at “the island civilization of ancient Hawaii.” Divided into three major parts, Shark starts with Cook’s arrival when Hawaii was four major kingdoms in the midst of creating stratified societies.Kirch deals with religion, evolving social structures and belief systems to make ancient Hawaii come alive. Especially noteworthy are beautiful descriptions of the making of canoes, particularly the vaka moana, capable of transporting families.

Charts for the Band

Music stores abound with compilations of “50 Favorite Songs” for everything from jazz to the Beatles to Bach. Now it’s time for the mid-20th century music of Hawaii.

Racism of Record

Compiled by Christopher LaVoie, Annexation! presents the imperialist agendas of the U.S.

Charting Our Ancestral Past

Hawaiki Rising by Sam Low tells the epic saga of voyaging on the Hokulea, which, as every Island schoolchild should know, is a traditionally constructed Hawaiian sailing vessel that is steered by observing natural elements, without instruments or maps. Low, a part-Hawaiian anthropologist who participated in three voyages, follows the Hokulea through conception, construction, and navigation.

From the Outside

The feeling of being an outsider in one’s beloved homeland is the theme underpinning Pamela Frierson’s fluid and honest nature writing. In her books, The Last Atoll: Exploring Hawaii’s Endangered Ecosystems and The Burning Island: Myth and History in Volcano Country, Hawaii, Frierson explores Hawaii’s unique ecosystems, while also searching for personal relevance where she grew up very aware of being merely a “second-generation colonist.” The shadows of a world unknown drive the writer, teacher and homesteader to attach to the landscape, pursuing a deeper understanding of Hawaii’s natural order, and, through those experiences, a sense of belonging.

Bearded beauties

Donald Hodel’s Loulu: The Hawaiian Palm is winner of this year’s Ka Palapala Award for Excellence in Natural Science. Loulu the Hawaiian Palm Donald R.

Missed Connections

Charlotte A. Tomaino, neuropsychologist and former nun, started with the intriguing concept of explaining how grace and spirituality can “awaken” the brain to a fuller potential through expanded consciousness.

The Naked Truth

Sharon Hicks’ How Do You Grab a Naked Lady recounts the relationship between Hicks, her mentally ill mother and idealist father. We meet Hicks at age 16 as she witnesses her mother parading around a mall in the buff, yelling and cursing–one of many manic episodes we’ll see during the book.

Last Train to Ho’opili?

One paradox of TheLast Train to Zona Verde, Paul Theroux’s 46th book and his latest about Africa, is that it’s also one of the best meditations on Hawaii you’ll ever read. But first, why Africa?

Every Reader for Himself

Confirming rumors, Barnes & Noble’s (B&N) Kahala Mall bookstore will close when its lease expires in January 2014. There are no current reports concerning B&N’s Ala Moana location, but it’s probably a matter of when, not if, management installs a T-shirt store.

Island Girl

Last weekend, Susanna Moore was in town to read from her new novel, The Life of Objects. A striking beauty–high cheekbones, fine features, long white hair with an inky streak that matches her brilliant black eyes–she wore a sleeveless blouse, full cotton skirt and rubber slippers.

A Traveling Light

We were out at Tongg’s surf break when the world’s best-traveled writer paddled past in a kayak. I said, “Paul Theroux?” Mindy nodded.

CIVIX

KAKAAKO MEETINGS The HCDA will host a series of meetings to discuss the Kakaako redevelopment plan and how rail will fit in with those plans. The meetings are open to the public.

Make Our Day

On May 13, Common Cause Hawaii assembled a panel, titled “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly,” to deconstruct lessons from the recently ended 2013 Legislative Session. Commentators included Rep.

Homeless Plan

Mayor Caldwell is winding down his public town-hall meetings campaign. The meetings are designed to update the public on the progress of the Mayor’s major first-year initiatives: repaving the roads, getting TheBus routes restored, making the city’s parks beautiful, fixing Honolulu’s sewer infrastructure, building rail better and, most recently, solving homelessness.

Pacific Pivot

During a 2011 speech to the Australian Parliament, President Obama declared: “The United States will play a larger and long term role in shaping [the Pacific] region and its future.” On May 10, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Pacific Forum hosted a panel discussion that sought to determine what a U.S. “pivot” toward the region would look like and what the reaction to increased U.S.

The homeless experience

I picked up your May 15 issue with great anticipation because on the cover was a photo of a person experiencing homelessness who I have had numerous interactions with (“Derelict Downtown,” May 15). He is someone I have always found to be articulate and friendly–an ideal person to talk to if one wishes to learn about experiencing homelessness.

Hawaiian rights

The puppetmasters controlling the creation of the Hawaiian Nation have manipulated Hawaiians who have signed up for any Hawaiian registry to become captive members of Kanaiolowalu, the Native Hawaiian Roll Commission. Those bills were heard this session and were passed by the Senate in the Tourism and Hawaiian Affairs Committee chaired by Brickwood Galuteria and the Judiciary and Labor Committe chaired by Clayton Hee, although the forced enrollment is unconstitutional.

Money over land

The Land Use Commission, the Honolulu Planning Commission, the Zoning Variance Commissions and all the other BS commissions are hijacked by big business (“Hoopili Miss,” May 15). Judge Rhonda Nishimura’s head is buried in the sand if she doesn’t recognize the votes were bought.

Cinema for all

I try to not miss a Redford film, and, of course, I can relate to events of the ’60s (“Last Round-Up,” May 8). It is disappointing that The Company You Keep is being shown only at Kahala Theatre.

Tea time

Aloha, I am Elyse. Please let me know if you have any questions, I would love to answer them (“Just Our Cup of Tea,” May 15).

Corrections

In last week’s “Derelict Downtown” (May 15), we mistakenly listed Kirk Caldwell’s campaign phone number. To contact the Mayor, please call 768-4141.